Speaker: Ningping Cao, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

Quantum Error Mitigation: New De-noise Methods and a Mathematical Approach

Ningping Cao

Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, has a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and fault-tolerance. These invite us to rethink about QEC, in particular, about the role that quantum physics plays in terms of encoding and decoding. The fact that many quantum algorithms, especially near-term hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, only use limited types of local measurements on quantum states, leads to various new techniques called Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM). This work examines the task of QEM from several perspectives. Using some intuitions built upon classical and quantum communication scenarios, we clarify some fundamental distinctions between QEC and QEM. We then discuss the implications of noise invertibility for QEM, and give an explicit construction called Drazin-inverse for non-invertible noise, which is trace preserving while the commonly-used Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse may not be. Finally, we study the consequences of having an imperfect knowledge about the noise, and derive conditions when noise can be reduced using QEM. This talk is based on joint work with Junan Lin, David Kribs, Yiu-Tung Poon, Bei Zeng, and Raymond Laflamme. Reference: arXiv:2111.02345